The hallmarks of
narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are grandiosity, a lack of empathy for other people, and a need for admiration. People with this condition are frequently described as arrogant, self-centered, manipulative, and demanding. They may also have grandiose
fantasies and may be convinced that they deserve special treatment. These characteristics typically begin in early adulthood and must be consistently evident in multiple contexts, such as at work and in relationships.
People with NPD often try to associate with other people they believe are unique or
gifted in some way, which can enhance their own
self-esteem. They tend to seek excessive admiration and
attention and have difficulty tolerating criticism or defeat.
Although NPD is a difficult disorder to treat,
therapy can help those with the condition develop their sense of self and their relationships.
NPD refers to the diagnosable mental disorder, while the term "narcissism" is a trait that ranges in degree from person to person.
Symptoms
Individuals with
narcissistic personality disorder, according to the
DSM-5, exhibit five or more of the following, which are present by early adulthood and across contexts:
- A grandiose sense of self-importance
- Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
- Belief that one is special and can only be understood by or associate with special people or institutions
- A need for excessive admiration
- A sense of entitlement (to special treatment)
- Exploitation of others
- A lack of empathy
- Envy of others or the belief that one is the object of envy
- Arrogant, haughty behavior, or attitudes