"Fire lapping", what David describes above, is a commonly used barrel conditioner for hunting gun applications. Don't know about it being used to improve sub quarter-minute barrels. The commonly used path to fix a poor quality benchrest barrel is to send it back to the manufacturer. Bad barrels, even after chambering, that do not preform to reasonable accuracy are sent back.
Example, a few years ago I had chambered a benchrest barrel made by one of our top manufacturers. After shooting in 3 aggs at an NBRSA match it was still coppering in an area about 6" long and in about 4" from the muzzle. Sent it back, they sent me a replacement, no questions ask. This barrel had an oversized spot, apparently where a void had been lapped out. Slugging a new barrel blank is the best pre-shooting test I know.
What Skippy was doing, ATF contains some EP (Extreme Pressure) ingredients that can pre-condition a new, freshly lapped, surface so it doesn't try to grab copper off your hand made bullets. NAPA LokEase, which contains submicro graphite particles is a more common used preconditioner and reconditioner (after cleaning) by many HOF shooters.
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