i clean to bare steel...part of my ocd personality. i read everything i can on cleanings solutions and techniques. i modified ed's red cleaning solution and it gets the powder residue out in a hurry. the "baked on" carbon is different. 50,000 psi plus and 2000-4000 degrees f is almost making diamonds? a bronze brush with a little solvent , in time, will start to get the stuff to come out. abrasive paste work and do take away a little steel also. i am currently trying a "home brew" and it seem to work. i add industrial strength ammonia solution to some jb bore paste, without the small granular-like particles. i mash and mix until the jb is clouding the ammonia. let this sit overnight and it gels! shake and add some more ammonia until thickness is "just right" and will come out of one of the 4 0z sinclair solvent bottles. i use this stuff after powder residue is out and it amazes me to see black marks on the patch that represent the 4 grooves of my kreigers. then i see 8 very linear lines that must represent the angles of the lands meeting the grooves. i line up consecutive patches and the colors get lighter until patches are white! i don't know if this stuff has a shelf life, but it's easy to make and doesn't seem to adversly affect stainless...i left some on a barrel piece overnight. anyway, the chemistry eludes me, but the results please me.