Would anyone know where the tooling marks that are perpendicular to the bore axis come from on a button barrel by chance? I always thought once you pulled the button through the bore was totally and completely smoothed out; is that not the case?
The tooling marks that you are asking about are in all barrels that have been bore reamed without being lapped.
These marks are caused by the bore reamer.
With a cut barrel these marks are on the tops of the lands prior to lapping. With a button barrel the marks are in the grooves and on the land tops prior to lapping. Yes the button does smooth it some but never totally and completely. The smoothing effect is more prevalent in a honed barrel than a reamed barrel because the cross-hatch pattern leaves the microscopic surface with pyramid shaped peaks.
For maximum performance a barrel (cut or button) still needs to be properly lapped.
Using bore reamers is much like performing brain surgery with an axe... the results will vary!