Here in New Zealand we have 7 species of deer ranging from Fallow (quite a bit smaller than a whitetail) through to Wapiti (Like a very large elk).
I am a professional guide here in New Zealand and shoot more deer (or stalk customers onto more deer) in one year than most people will see in their life.
To effectively, efficeintly, humanely and cleanly kill a deer you want at least 1000 foot pounds of energy on impact.
I only hunt with and let my customers use my Remington Model 7 Predator.
I only use the Hornady Custom Series 95grain SST round.
https://www.hornady.com/shop/?page=ballistics/popup&product_sku=80464
This is THE ULTIMATE deer cartridge.
It is so versitile, and perfect for every type of game animal here in new zealand.
They open up almost instantly on impact but still manage to penetrate quite well. I have not had one penetrate right through an animal yet.
This is EXCELLENT because ALL of the bullet energy is then absorbed by the animal, causing massive trauma and hemeoraging and killing them where they stand.
I recently shot a big stag(buck) in the neck at 30 meters, just about took its head clean off! The same trip I shot a hind(doe) at about 300meters through the shoulder, went straight down.