If the action is manufactured to standard tolerances, such as a Bat or Kelbly, yes. In fact, it is done quite often.
But, not all action manufacturers hold tolerances this close, and unless you have a barrel that came off that was correct, it would be a good idea to have the action in hand to insure everything is correct.
One thing to keep in mind, many of us use the same brass from Rifle to Rifle. This type of precision transcends the idea of taking an action, regardless of the make, and expecting to achieve that sort of result. In order to do this, you just about have to treat each action separate. That means taking criticle measurements, recording them, and sometimes even firing the Rifle to insure that the brass comes out of it the same as another Rifle.
This is not the fault of the action manufacturers. Every machine part is built to a set of tolerances. These tolerances are suitable to insure that standard barrels will install and the criticle dimensions will be within the spects as set forth by the powers that be..............jackie